DESCRIP TION

Rigid laryngoscopy For rigid laryngoscopy, use a 70 degree or 90 degree rigid telescope. Oropharynx with protruding tongue. Occasionally, applying an anesthetic (lidocaine, setacine, etc.) to the oropharynx and / or tongue may improve patient tolerability. Patient anatomy and intolerance are rare. This investigation is prohibited. Rigid laryngoscopy provides a crisp, magnified view of the larynx, but can distort some aspects of the biomechanics of the larynx (muscle tension, voice slits, and laryngeal movements). Generally limited due to storage and voice testing required for testing for “e” vowel vocalization. Flexible laryngoscopy A flexible laryngoscope is inserted into the nasal cavity through the nose and oropharynx. A head side was placed on the larynx to fully evaluate the larynx. Nasal anesthesia (lidocaine) and / or nasal decongestant (oxymetazoline / phenylephrine) can be applied to the nose to improve patient comfort and tolerability. Supplementary methods such as dynamic speech evaluation (comprehensive larynx) Exercise evaluation), functional endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (+ / sensation) and other laryngeal procedures (eg injection, laser surgery, biopsy). Performed during flexible laryngoscopy. Flexible laryngoscopy is ideal for assessing real-time / unloaded vocal cord weakness. Assessment of taskspecific anomalies (eg problem with my voice), and evaluation of the strength of glottic seizures. Mirror laryngoscopy While the patient`s tongue is protruded, a mirror is placed in the posterior oropharynx with gentle pressure on the soft palate while light is reflected caudally into the larynx. Mirror laryngoscopy can be challenging for both the examiner and the patient, has limited magnification, and may require topical anesthesia. Mirror laryngoscopy provides the most accurate color representation of laryngeal and pharyngeal tissue because there is no light or digital distortion. Video laryngoscopy The addition of stroboscopy to laryngeal visualization lets in for the distinct evaluation of vocal fold vibration and closure. It is the maximum beneficial exam for assessment of the mucosal cowl layer of the main fringe of the vocal fold. Because vocal fold vibration takes place a ways too speedy for visualisation with the unaided eye below herbal light, stroboscopy is carried out to both gradual or freeze the photo for evaluation. A microphone is positioned close to the affected person that detects the vibrating frequency of the vocal folds. Based in this frequency, the bulb is flashed both on the equal frequency and just slower than the glottic cycle, taking into consideration the photo to seem frozen, or in gradual motion respectively. Video stroboscopy exam protocol need to encompass assessment at modal pitch (at a snug intensity), low pitch (at tender and loud intensities), and excessive pitch (at tender intensity) for complete assessment. Characteristics evaluated throughout video stroboscopy encompass, however aren’t restrained to, essential frequency, symmetry of movement, periodicity, glottis closure, amplitude of vibration, mucosal wave, and the presence of a dynamic segments. These are compared with predicted norms and former stroboscopic examinations. The video stroboscopic exam is recorded and reviewed with the aid of using the company with the affected person to offer documentation of the affected person`s development and evaluation with previous examinations.

Submit manuscript at www.walshmedicalmedia.com/submissions/vascular-medicine-surgery.html or send as an e-mail attachment to the vascular[at]emedicinejournals[dot]org